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An abscess is caused by infection, which can develop from either a dental or gingival abscess.
A dental abscess is normally a consequence of dental caries (decay) or tooth damage. In fact, caries erodes the tooth enamel. This allows bacteria to penetrate the dental pulp and infect it. The pulp then necrotizes, or dies. The dead tissue becomes infected and produces pus, which is yellowish in color and contains bacteria, dead cells and other microorganisms. Pus forms around the tip of the tooth root. It is responsible for the pain and swelling that accompany abscess. It fills the cavity between the tooth and the jawbone. If it cannot drain from this pocket, it presses on the tissue area and causes pain. If it drains into the facial tissues, it causes the cheeks to swell. Pain diminishes with swelling.
Gingival abscess is a result of periodontitis, or gum disease. It causes the gums to recede from the teeth. Crevices then form and trap bacteria, causing pus to form. If the crevice closes, the pus pushes on the gingival tissue, creating pain and swelling.
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