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Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp that is mainly caused by caries, or tooth decay. Caries is a lesion of the tooth enamel caused by acid erosion of the tooth's surface. The acids are produced by bacterial plaque.
If the decay is deep, it can irritate the pulp and allow bacteria to penetrate it. The harmful bacterial action can increase pressure within the tissues. This rise in tissue pressure causes the pain.
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Besides being caused by decay, pulpitis can also be triggered by other factors such as:
- Bacteria or acids produced by food residue.
- An injury that caused small cracks in the tooth.
- Invasive interventions (oral surgery).
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