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Caries, or tooth decay, is a lesion of the tooth enamel. It is caused by the acid produced by bacterial plaque on the tooth's surface. Plaque is a thin film that forms on the teeth and gums. It is composed of bacteria, saliva, food residue and other substances. Bacteria metabolize the sugar, transforming it into acids. The main types of bacteria responsible for caries are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.
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Streptococcus attacks the tooth enamel and weakens it.
Lactobacillus produces the acid that leads to decay.
The acid produced also depends on the type and structure of the teeth. If the teeth are widely spaced, food particles and bacteria can easily deposit between them. If the teeth are crowded, removal of food debris and bacteria by brushing will not be effective. In addition, some people are more susceptible to tooth decay than others.
Other factors that make people susceptible to tooth decay include:
- Diet. Eating foods high in sugar raises the risk of acid production, which damages tooth enamel
- Pregnancy and nursing. As hormone levels change during these periods, saliva production is increased. This makes the saliva stickier, raising the amount of plaque and bacteria present in the mouth.
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