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Primary headaches are biological disorders and have specific causes that are not always easy to determine. Attacks can be triggered by such factors as stress, hormonal changes and certain foods. The main forms of primary headache are migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache.
Secondary headaches are symptoms of other underlying conditions such as allergies, gastric disorders, sinustitis, hypertension, arthritis and neuralgia.
The International Headache Society (IHS) has classified headache into 13 main categories, comprised of migraine, tension-type headache and cluster headache. In addition, there are over 90 subcategories of headache, classified by various criteria based on the pain characteristics the headache causes:
- Quality of pain (throbbing or dull).
- Pain intensity (severe or mild).
- Pain frequency (daily or periodic).
- Pain location (temples, around eyes).
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