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The cause of osteoarthritis (OA) is unknown, but whatever its origin, the result is joint cartilage damage. Bone ends are covered by smooth, firm substances called cartilage, which allows joints to move together easily and pain-free. When in good condition, cartilage constantly regenerates, maintaining a balance between resorption and regeneration. When cartilage is worn, the rough bone ends grate against each other, causing intense pain and limiting joint mobility.
There are two types of OA: primary and secondary. While primary OA is generally associated with micro fractures that occur in the cartilage as we age, the following causes have been identified for secondary OA:
- Genetic defects affecting bone or cartilage.
- Hormonal disorders (diabetes, gout).
- Obesity (20% above recommended body weight).
- Intensive joint use (especially in athletes).
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